Exploration of vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases: Determination skills of genetic and environmental risk factors

Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) affect a large portion of our elder population with cognitive impairment, impaired movement due to loss of balance or muscle weakness in motor neuron. Due to their irreversible nature they present a significant public health burden through the demand on our health care system as well as by unmet therapeutic measures that influence socioeconomic decision processes, while our current population is transitioned to an aged community.  Here we introduce top 3 of the most prevalent NDs and examine preventive alternatives along with the available research on both genetic and environmental risk factors.  While many questions remain, genetic predisposition combined with environmental exposures may be to blame for a large number of these cases.  Utilizing emerging multi-fold omics technologies, early prevention aided by development of biomarker can help to identify risk factors and to envision new avenue in new treatments option in the future.