Evaluation of activities of some plant leaf extract on typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella isolate from selected hospitals in Bauchi, Nigeria

This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Cymbopogan citratus, Psidium guajava and Anacadium occidentale on clinical isolates of typhoidal and non typhoidal Salmonella. The typhoidal Salmonella isolates where S.  typhi and S. paratyphi  A, while non typhoidal was S. typhimurium. Well diffusion method was used. The plant extracts were tested individually and in combinations for synergistic activity. Both methanol and aqueous extracts had significant (p<0.05) in vitro activity. Anacadium occidentale was more active followed by Psidium guajava and the least active was Cymbopogan citratus with higher activity when plants extracts were combined for synergism. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of extracts on the salmonella isolates ranged from 50 mg/ml to 200 mg/ml and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration   ranged from 25 mg/ml to 200 mg/ml. From the findings, it proved that plants possess some potentials as antibiotics and can be further studied to isolate the compound that is most active and formulated as drug against the disease.