Identification and characterization of Shiga toxin–producing and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli serotypes in chicken scalding tanks in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, especially Shiga toxin–producing E. coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), are primary causes of human gastrointestinal infections and linked to serious clinical outcomes, such as bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Their presence in food production settings represents a significant public health issue. This study aimed to characterise STEC and EPEC serotypes isolated from scalding tanks in poultry markets in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. A prospective descriptive study was carried out from May to December 2024. Samples were gathered from various poultry markets and enriched in peptone water before being inoculated onto VRBL agar. Bacterial identification followed standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted in accordance with the 2024 CASFM guidelines. PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene confirmed the isolates’ affiliation with the genus Escherichia, and three virulence genes (eaeA, stx1, stx2) were screened using conventional PCR. Of the 33 samples collected, 21 (63.63%) were culture positive. Among these, two isolates carried virulence genes characteristic of EPEC and STEC. A high level of antibiotic resistance was observed, especially at the Yéguéré site, where the multiple-antibiotic resistance index was 0.75. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening hygiene practices and surveillance strategies in poultry markets to reduce the risk of foodborne infections.