Analysis of betanin from beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) as an alternative prevention of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: In Silico Study

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the global health issues that is expected to continue increasing in prevalence. Various risk factors for T2DM can cause oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which contribute to insulin resistance and β-cell damage. These conditions are closely related to dysfunction of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR-γ). One alternative strategy for T2DM is utilizing bioactive compounds found in plants, such as betanin from beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.). Therefore, this article analyzes the potential of betanin from beetroot as an alternative for preventing T2DM through an in-silico approach, focusing on its interaction with the PPAR-γ receptor and its toxicity profile. The docking application used was PYRX, with visualization in BIOVIA Discovery Studio. Toxicity prediction tests were conducted using Swiss ADME, PK-CSM, and Pro-Tox tools. The results show that betanin can bind stably and strongly to the active site of the PPAR-γ receptor with a binding affinity value of -8.9 kcal/mol. Betanin also has an LD50 ranging from 305 mg/kg, categorizing it as toxicity class 4.