Anacardium occidentale as a potential source of bioactive compounds for the treatment of diseases in Africa

Plant extracts have been used for medicinal purposes for centuries, long before the development of synthetic pharmaceuticals. In recent years, interest in plant-based remedies has increased because they are often associated with fewer adverse effects. Traditionally, medicinal plants and herbs have played a central role in folk medicine for the treatment of numerous ailments. Among these plants, Anacardium occidentale is widely recognized in Africa, where its leaves, stem bark, fruits, and seeds are commonly used in the traditional management of conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders, infections and inflammation. Several studies have reported presence of diverse secondary metabolites in Anacardium occidentale, which are believed to contribute to its various biological activities. Several biological activities of extracts obtained from different organs of Anacardium occidentale have been investigated, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anesthetic, antioxidant, insecticidal, antidiarrheal, and hypolipidemic effects. These studies have revealed promising and noteworthy pharmacological properties. In addition, symbiotic endophytic fungi associated with different parts of the plant may also produce bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic value. Therefore, Anacardium occidentale represents an important medicinal resource whose thorough scientific investigation could enhance valorization of traditional knowledge and support the development of innovative biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.