A review on nanoparticles in cancer therapeutics with its classification and synthesis

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with 7.9 million fatalities reported in 2007. The World Health Organization predicts that cancer-related deaths will increase to 12 million by 2030. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising tool in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Nanoparticles have been employed in drug delivery systems, imaging, and therapy due to their unique properties. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of nanoparticles, their classification, and applications in medicine. Nanoparticles can be classified based on their composition, size, and shape. Carbon-based nanoparticles, such as fullerenes, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, have been widely used in cancer therapy. Inorganic nanoparticles, including metal oxides and semiconductor nanoparticles, have also shown potential in cancer treatment. The review highlights the recent advances in nanoparticle-based cancer therapy, including targeted drug delivery, imaging, and therapy. The potential toxicity of nanoparticles is also discussed, and the need for further research to ensure their safe use in medicine is emphasized. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of nanoparticles and their applications in cancer therapy.