Circadian cycle genes and their association with depression

This work delves into the complex role of circadian-regulating genes and their relationship with depression, emphasizing key genes such as CLOCK, BMAL1, PER, and CRY that control biological rhythms. Genetic variations in these genes can lead to circadian disruptions, manifesting as insomnia, hormonal imbalances, and depression. This study highlights the critical role of melatonin, regulated by light exposure, in circadian alignment. Dysfunctional circadian regulation affects neurotransmitter secretion, particularly serotonin and dopamine, thereby impacting mood. This paper also discusses the influence of norepinephrine, GABA, glutamate, and genetic variants in serotonin pathways on mood disorders and their potential for targeted therapeutic interventions.