Protective effects of vitamin E and grape seed oil against acute hepatorenal ivermectin toxicity in mice: biochemical and histopathological studies

Ivermectin (IVM), a broad spectrum anthelmintic drug, is considered a safe drug; however, there are few reports about its toxic effects in particularly at accidental overdose exposure. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the potential protective roles of vitamin E (Vit E) and grape seed oil (GSO) against the acute hepatorenal toxicity of IVM in mice. Mice were divided into four equal groups. Control vehicle group was administrated corn oil (0.2 ml/animal), IVM group was administrated IVM (6.5 mg/kg b.w.), Vit E+IVM group was administrated Vit E (200 mg/kg b.w.) plus IVM and GSO+IVM group was administrated GSO (0.2 ml/animal) plus IVM. All treatments were orally administrated daily for 3 weeks while IVM is administered as a single oral dose one day before the end of the experiment. The results revealed that IVM induced significant elevation in serum ALT and AST activities; urea and creatinine levels without any significant change in glucose level. No marked histopathological alterations were observed in hepatic tissue with several pathological alterations in the kidneys of IVM- intoxicated mice. However, pretreatment of mice with either Vit E or GSO ameliorated the IVM- induced biochemical and histopathological alterations. In conclusion, Vit E and GSO may provide a similar promising protective value against IVM acute hepatorenal intoxication.