Transdermal drug delivery system recent advancements: A comprehensive review

"The transdermal route offers numerous benefits when compared to traditional drug delivery methods. These advantages encompass high bioavailability, the absence of first-pass hepatic metabolism, maintaining consistent drug plasma levels, and the non-invasive nature of therapy. Additionally, transdermal drug delivery systems [TDDS] provide prolonged therapeutic effects, reduced side effects, enhanced bioavailability, improved patient compliance, and easy termination of drug therapy. TDDS finds applications not only in pharmaceuticals but also in the skincare and cosmetics industries. Studies have shown that the transdermal route causes minimal skin irritation and demonstrates superior performance in various in vivo parameters compared to oral administration. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of TDDS, highlighting its advantages over conventional dosage forms, addressing limitations, discussing the components of transdermal patches, exploring different types of transdermal patches, describing methods of preparation, and outlining the ideal requirements for TDDS. Furthermore, it delves into regulatory considerations, physicochemical methods of evaluation, therapeutic applications, and recent advancements in the field of transdermal drug delivery systems."