Epigenetics in reproductive infertility: A review

Infertility poses a significant challenge to reproductive health worldwide and affects millions of individuals and couples. While genetic factors have traditionally been explored in the etiology of infertility, emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in reproductive health and infertility. This review delves into the intricate interplay between epigenetics and reproductive infertility, elucidating how epigenetic alterations in germ cells and gametes can impact fertility outcomes. We explore the dynamic nature of epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, shedding light on their involvement in regulating gene expression essential for proper reproductive function. Understanding the epigenetic basis of reproductive infertility holds promise for developing new diagnostic tools, personalized treatments, and preventive strategies.