Water quality assessment and evaluation of human health risk of drinking water in Ranchi District of Jharkhand

The primary cause of water-borne disease epidemics, particularly in underdeveloped nations, is the consumption of drinking water tainted with dangerous bacteria that originated in excrement. Water bodies have been essential to the development of civilizations throughout history, and they are still important for the modern economic expansion of all modern cultures. Microbes can get into water sources through agricultural inputs and rainfall runoff, which can combine with sewage effluents. The coliform group of bacteria, which signals the possible presence of harmful organisms, is the organism that is typically searched for during the standard water analysis technique. Microbes that cause disease in humans multiply and spread through the medium of water. For this reason, one of the most crucial criteria for public health is the drinking of safe water. Water samples were collected from various sources (surface water and groundwater sources) throughout March to May 2023.  Ten water samples were taken from the surface and groundwater in and around Ranchi Municipality Nagra Toli and Karamtoli areas The MPN index, fungal tests, colony count, and other biochemical test parameters were all analyzed. Comparing surface water to groundwater, it was discovered that the MPN index of the former was higher. Up to 140 MPN/100 mL of total coliform count were found. Samples of surface and groundwater revealed the presence of two distinct bacterial species. It becomes clear that Escherichia coli and Bacillus Enterococcus faecalis bacterial isolates were common. The current study's objectives were to identify the various microbial groups and perform several microbiological studies. To maintain the hygienic quality of the water supply, it is strongly advised to do bacteriological examinations on both the water entering the distribution system and the water already in the system on a frequent and regular basis. Regular inspections are necessary for both sanitary management and testing portable water.