Studying the possibility of using olive oil and its active components together with atorvastatin in the treatment of biochemical parameters and iron deposition in heart tissue with lung histopathology conditions induced by hypercholesterolemia in male rod

Background Hyperlipidemia is one of the leading causes of the inflammatory response due to damage to the lung tissue, and the antioxidant activity of olive oil and hydroxytyrosol curbs these disorders. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of Hydroxytyrosol (HXT) and Olive Oil (OO) on increased levels of Adiponectin, decreased Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in blood serum with the improvement of histological lung disorders in experimental hyperlipidemia in male Sprague Dawley rats and an assessment of outcomes with atorvastatin.

Method Thirty albino male rats were used in this study, divided into six groups of approximately identical weight. The initial group received a typical diet devoid of cholesterol. The two groups were fed a diet including 2% cholesterol for the length of the experiment for eight weeks, and the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th teams were placed on a two-week high-cholesterol diet. They were given a dose of (OO) extract just, (HXT) just, (OO) extract + (HXT), and a drug. Atorvastatin (ATOR), consecutively, from the third week to the eighth week of the experiment.

Results The results of the study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the concentration of Adiponectin and a significant increase in the concentration of TNF-α and IL-6 in the blood serum, In addition to a rise in the scale of malondialdehyde (MDA), iron deposition, lower rates in the level of glutathione (GSH), and the activity of the catalase (CAT) enzyme in heart tissue; additionally, numerous lung histopathological disorders, that also comprised damage to the alveolar (DA) and damage to the alveolar sacs (DAS), Thickening Vessels (TV), Thickening Bronchioles (TB), Fibrosis (Fi), Inflammatory Infiltration (II), Congestions (CON),  Hemorrhage (H), Degeneration (D), necrosis (N) and karyolysis (KL) in the group with hyperlipidemia food contrasted to the group of healthy controls. Whereas the teams of high-fat rats, which were also gavage by (OO) extract just, (HXT) just, (OO) extract + (HXT), and (ATOR) drug demonstrated an enhancement in each of the factors above, as (OO) extract + (HXT) outperformed all treatments.

Conclusions As a result, we conclude the present study that hyperlipidemia causes a significant lowering in the concentration of adiponectin and a significant rise in the concentration of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum from the blood, In addition to lower rates in the scale of MDA, iron deposition, lower rates in the level of GSH, and the activity of the CAT enzyme in heart tissue,  as well as many histological disorders in the lung, and that mixing olive oil extract and hydroxytyrosol plays an essential role in Inhibition of adverse consequences of hypercholesterolemia.