Urine test strip analysis, concentration range and its interpretations of the parameters

Urinalysis is a simple urine analysis performed in many healthcare settings and at home that reveals important diagnostic information. Diabetes mellitus, kidney failure, renal, liver diseases, hydration, urinary tract infection, and metabolic abnormalities are among the diseases studied. Urinalysis is simple to perform using a urine test strip, but the results must be correctly interpreted. Urinalysis is a noninvasive, widely available, and reasonably priced method. A urine test strip is a paper or plastic dipstick with a chemically impregnated pad that is one of the simplest, cheapest, and most effective in vitro diagnostic devices for screening urine. The reference ranges, detection limits, and chemical analysis of common urine constituents such as occult blood, glucose, protein, ketones, leukocytes, nitrite, urobilinogen, bilirubin, pH, specific gravity, ascorbic acid, microalbumin, and creatinine are discussed in this article.