1 Department of medicine, University of Khartoum, khartoum Sudan.
2 Faculty of Medicine Ahfad University for women, Omdurman, Sudan.
3 Department of medicine, University of Juba Khartoum – Sudan.
4 Ahfad university for women - school of medicine Khartoum-Sudan.
5 Medical doctor, NHS UK.
6 NOWDOC family practice CO. Donegal Ireland.
7 Department of Population Health Tropical Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.
8 Ahfad University for Women, Khartoum, Sudan.
9 Clincial Fellow Trauma and Orthopedic Nobles Hospital, Douglas, Isle of Man.
10 Pediatric surgery, Hull Royal Infirmary Hull, United Kingdom.
11 Department of medicine, Ahfad university for women, omdurman, Sudan.
12 Nursing Program coordinator in Almadar college.
Research Article
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2025, 33(02), 140-144.
Article DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2025.33.2.0435
Received on 27 September 2025; revised on 05 November 2025; accepted on 08 November 2025
Dengue fever is an acute viral illness transmitted by mosquitoes and caused by one of four distinct dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4), all of which belong to the *Flavivirus* genus. The main carriers are *Aedes aegypti* and *Aedes albopictus* mosquitoes, commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. Globally, dengue is the most widespread mosquito-borne viral disease, with an estimated 400 million infections each year, including over 100 million symptomatic cases. It is endemic in more than 100 countries, particularly across Asia, the Americas, and Africa.
The illness can range from asymptomatic or mild fever to more severe forms such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Severe cases are characterized by increased vascular permeability, plasma leakage, and, in some cases, life-threatening shock. Individuals who experience a second infection with a different serotype are at greater risk of severe disease due to immune responses like antibody-dependent enhancement.
To improve clinical management, the World Health Organization (WHO) revised its classification in 2009, categorizing dengue into three groups: dengue without warning signs, dengue with warning signs, and severe dengue. There is currently no specific antiviral treatment; management is mainly supportive, focusing on careful fluid replacement and monitoring for complications. Prevention depends on mosquito control efforts and, in certain regions, vaccination as advised by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.
This review aims to examine available treatments and management strategies for dengue fever during outbreak situations.
Dengue Fever; Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever; Dengue Outbreak; Dengue Fever Management
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Shahd Ahmed, Amal Fadlelsid, Isra Muzamil, Zainab Elhasan, Mohamed Mustafa, Rania Siddig, Ahmed O Ali, Sara Mohamed, Rasha Omer, Hager Ahmed, Tagwa Kalool and Sara Ahmed Adam Musa. A Review of dengue fever treatment protocol during outbreak. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2025, 33(2), 140-144. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2025.33.2.0435