Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics and case analysis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, causing great concern due to the rapid increase in its resistance to antibiotics. The objective of the research was to describe the resistance mechanisms that P. aeruginosa possesses, as well as to report its behavior against antibiotics in the years 2003 to 2018 in Mexico. A retrospective and longitudinal documentary research was carried out in different digital resources referring to antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa. The results showed that the main resistance mechanisms of P. aeruginosa are β-lactamases, ejection pumps, mutations in porins, acquisition of plasmids, low permeability, formation of biofilms, alterations in penicillin-binding proteins, modifying enzymes of aminoglycosides and mutations in the active site. The antibiotics with the highest percentage of resistance presented between the years 2003 to 2018 were imipenen IMP, gentamicin GEN, ticarcillin / clavulanate TIC, trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole TMS, ticarcillin TC, ceftriaxone CRO, aztreonam AZT, ceftazidime CAZ, cefepime FEP, levofloxacin LEV, chloramphenicol CL, tigecilcin TIG and ciprofloxacin CIP, with a peak of resistance between the years 2007 to 2008 and a possible downward trend in 2018. The behavior of resistance between the years 2003 to 2018 report a downward trend in the last two years.