Profiling and In vivo studies of Bromelain Bitter Gourd (Momodica charantia) seed protein hydrolysate with antidiabetic activity

Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial chronic disease that affects the human population and it is the third most common cause of death worldwide. Momordica charantia is commonly known as Bitter melon, Bitter guard and used as a food and natural medicine. The scientific name, Momordica means "to bite," in Latin which is refers to the jagged edges of the leaves. Including fruits, all parts of the plant, contains a bitter compound, momordicinso and very bitter in taste. It has long been used as a traditional medicine for some ailments. Bromelain bitter guard seed protein hydrolysate was profiled by ultrafiltration and SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the lower molecular weight peptide ≤ 25 kDa exerted the high antidiabetic activity. Spontaneously diabetic rats showed a decrease in the blood Glucose level (Glu), Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level, Glycogen level and also shows lower level of Lipid profile parameters (Chol, HDL, LDL, and TG) in the serum of the diabetic rats after 21 days of oral administration of bromelain bitter guard seed protein hydrolysate at dosages of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg. However, the effect was dose-dependent. As a novel protein hydrolysate source with invivo antidiabetic activity, future research should aim to demonstrate the molecular mechanism of action and validate its bioactivity through human intervention trials.