Molecular interface between food allergy diagnosis and treatment: Value of a multi-omics approach

Due to the ever-increasing prevalence of Food Allergy (FA) in the United States, many studies have been conducted to better understand mechanisms of Food Allergy, diagnosis, and treatment. Traditional diagnosis of FA can be time-consuming, less dependable, and can lead to severe allergic reaction in some patients. In this review, the latest evidence on testing, appropriate biomarkers for diagnosis, and treatment options are presented. The benefits of trained immunity (TRIM), oral immunotherapy (OIT), sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), and Epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) are discussed in this review as well. Common biomarkers of food allergies are discussed, including 2S albumins, T-cells, and basophil activation markers. The benefits of a multi-omics approach are highlighted by the complex nature of food allergies and the relationship between genes, proteins, metabolites, and the microbiome in response to allergens. Future possibilities of omics studies pertaining to food allergies are also presented to guide future research.