The influence of pregnant women's anxiety levels on fetal well-being and pregnancy complications: A cross-sectional study in Lombok, Indonesia

Pregnant women are a vulnerable group who are at risk of experiencing physiological changes that result in a partial decrease in immunity. Pregnancy with anxiety for pregnant women, which can affect maternal health, hinder development, cause emotional disturbances at birth, and even result in pregnancy complications. This type of research is observational-analytic with a cross-sectional design from January to June 2021. The population in this study is all third-trimester pregnant women at the Mataram City Regional Health Center and West Lombok Regency. There were 228 respondents in the study, taken using the accidental sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by accessing medical record data and filling out questionnaires for pregnant women who underwent examinations. The results of the chi square test showed that there was a relationship between anxiety and pregnancy complications with a p value of 0.0000 (p < 0.05) and a relationship between anxiety and fetal heart rate with a p value of 0.007 (p < 0.05). The ANOVA test results also showed that there was a simultaneous influence of fetal heart rate and pregnancy complications on anxiety in pregnant women, with a significance value of 0.0000 (p < 0.05) and an effect size of 74.6%. This research shows that early detection and management of anxiety during pregnancy is very necessary to prevent and minimize the occurrence of pregnancy complications and disruption of fetal well-being, which is characterized by an abnormal fetal heart rate.