Crude and Nanosynthesized Selected Medicinal Plants Demonstrate Low Acute Toxicity and Hematopoietic Efficacy in Wistar Rats

This study evaluated the in vivo biosafety profile of extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa, Justicia carnea, Zingiber officinale and honey alongside their nanosynthesized extracts. Acute (single-dose) and 28-day sub-chronic (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day) oral toxicity studies were conducted in Wistar rats following OECD guidelines. Assessments included behavioral observations, body temperature and weight changes, hematological parameters and liver markers including Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) using standard laboratory techniques. Acute toxicity test revealed no mortality or significant adverse behavioral changes up to 400 mg/kg. In the 28-day toxicity study, all formulations were generally well-tolerated. The administration of plants at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg and NPs does not appear to have a biologically significant effect on the body temperature of albino rats over a 28-day period. Also, the acute toxicity of the plant extracts at 400 mg/kg and the NPs at E9 +NPs1 body weight had no observable deleterious effects on the rat’s health, temperature and behavioral features. Hematological analyses indicated significant modulatory effects as extracts administration at 28 days, markedly increasing platelet counts; 1128.50 × 10⁹/L at 200 mg/kg and RBC counts 7.30 × 10¹²/L at 100 mg/kg). This showed that these plants could possess pharmacokinetic potentials which could modulate immune response and serve as potential alternative therapy against infection disease agents.